ÿWPC" f´|^ðú§x’y¿¿ßƒ­Èx’0ïWs"u¦Òkc4jFR"uåØ"Ù“Ic›$ä³é—Æg´ògËP{Ò¼ Êç£ÒJù ‚aÐoP‹TBoUød²Kh ×KßÚ:é~jŸ˜[×é©OÖØFÖ”¤7 ö"åÅ“ ø&Þ¼•œ[ôÝ‚a6#¾+uA‡dÔNSwv8¼«Éå†pÃÎ1¶¸°\‰—ÖûÿxMƒýß7úÛO‚(a*¥–`8pÉܗݱ”e U˜œp.ñu_¡¥AÇ[^/ê1ä7¹˜Jý“Õ÷äÔ Â² }¼dö²øgã‰Y÷@ | ¶îKÅO)¾h›†ÀØ›f˰ükï1ùî!á² ò–ƒ“{x)IºŽ™>žœØšNä”0P©Ä¦g7êQÍTaÇi&ûè t3LeÖ0yEœî»Ÿè|¡w"$ç­vR¦˜¾pgÈqÆîÙþó0åy—¼›Uœy ãõ ˆ%xrõˆFûì(5öÜSAU—/¥‰ÅhƒÎõR…®u] 5„7%Ù¯¥W cx]º`€¦jXÀˆâÅœF6 5=Q}ró›AVÉB¹Mü> ÿÿ(_17Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ  Ó*DD ÿÿ(_16Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÓ ¨ý ÓÓ ° Ó*55 ÿÿ(_15Ó  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÓ  Ó*22 ÿÿ(_14Ó ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÓ ` Ó*// ÿÿ(_13Ó ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÓ ¸ Ó*,, ÿÿ(_12Ó  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó ììDœôL¤ ÓÓ  Ó*)) ÿÿ(_11Ó h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ÓDDœôL¤ÓÓ h Ó*&& ÿÿ(_10Ó À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ÓœœôL¤ÓÓ À Ó(## ÿÿ&_9Ó  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó ôôL¤ÓÓ  Ó(>> ÿÿ&_8Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ  Ó(DD ÿÿ&_7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÓ ¨ý ÓÓ ° Ó(55 ÿÿ&_6Ó  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÓ  Ó(22 ÿÿ&_5Ó ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÓ ` Ó(// ÿÿ&_4Ó ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÓ ¸ Ó(,, ÿÿ&_3Ó  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÓ  Ó()) ÿÿ&_2Ó h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓDDœôL¤ÓÓ h Ó(&& ÿÿ&_1Ó À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓœœôL¤ÓÓ À Ó&## ÿÿ$_Ó  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ ôôL¤ÓÓ  Ó dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑTRXì3Ø'Avery 5161 AddressXà3Ø' Letter3Ø'Avery 5161 AddressXà3Ø'ÿ3Ø'LetterTÑÑ„°ÑÑ„°ÑÒ„°ÒÒ„°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€ ’à%%ÔÔ‡@sŽ? ’àÔò òAbridged€Versionó óÔ#† ’à?@sŽô#ÔÐ „ ÐÌÌÌÌò òThe€Lord,€The€Keys,€The€ChurchÐ  ˆ ÐÌÔ‡ªT ’àÔvis€a€visÔ#† ’àªTœ#ÔÐ ˆ   ÐÌThe€Synod€and€Her€OfficersÐ hä  ÐÌÔ‡ªT ’àÔð!ð€or€ð!ð€Ô#† ’àªT-#ÔÐ ä`  ÐÌThe€Department€of€Redundancy€Departmentó óÐ Ä@  ÐÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌÌÔ€&Vî% ’àÔÌÌBy€The€Rev.€Joel€R.€Ô_ÔBaseleyÔ_ÔÐ NÊ ÐAssociate€PastorÐ .ª ÐEmmanuel€Lutheran€ChurchÐ  Š ÐDearborn,€MIÐ î j ÐÌÌÌÌ(òòAbstract:€This€paper€is€written€in€the€context€of€present€considerations€of€restructuring€the€LutheranÐ N%Ê! ÐChurch€„€Missouri€Synod.€It€starts€with€the€doctrine€of€the€bestowal€of€the€Office€of€the€Keys€immediately,Ð .&ª" Ðor€directly€to€the€church,€€and€builds€upon€that€doctrine€the€reason€for€the€existence€of€a€synod€and€itsÐ  'ˆ#  Ðproper€relationship€to€the€local€congregation.€Many€quotes€of€Ô_ÔC.F.W.Ô_Ô€Ô_ÔWaltherÔ_Ô€are€offered€from€GermanÐ ê'f$! Ðsources€only€recently€available.€A€diagnostic€of€the€Synodððs€problematic€condition€is€offered€€with€itsÐ È(D%" Ðdoctrinal€cause€and€remedy.óó)Ð  ¦)"&# ÐØØòòò òÑ8€Vî%%dàdÈ8ÑI.€Introductionó óóóÐ „ ÐÌÓ€Óà Ü àThis€paper€summarizes€a€document€published€on€October€12,€2007.€It€is€offered€at€the€request€ofÐ B¾ Ðsome€individuals€interested€in€sharing€its€contents€in€a€more€concise€fashion.€It€is€not€produced€as€aÐ ’ Ðsubstitute€for€the€original€work€but€in€the€hopes€that€it€will€stimulate€readers€to€put€in€the€time€and€effortÐ â^ Ðto€read€the€original€document€in€its€fullness.€This€paper€will€summarize€the€points€of€the€original€paperÐ 2 ® Ðwith€a€minimum€of€documentation.€Fuller€documentation€should€be€obtained€in€the€original€paper.€Ð ‚ þ  Ðà Ü àThe€root€issue€examined€is€the€immediate€presence€of€Christ€and€the€possession€of€the€Office€ofÐ Ò N  Ðthe€Keys€immediately€by€the€congregation€(that€is€all€true€believers€in€the€congregation),€that€is,€the€WordÐ " ž  Ðof€God€in€Scripture,€as€the€only€authority€given€by€Christ€to€his€church€on€earth€and€as€the€basis€of€theÐ rî  Ðrelationships€within€the€congregation,€with€other€congregations,€and€with€Synod€and€other€church€bodies.Ð Â>  ÐImplications€are€explored.€Diagnostics€are€offered€as€to€present€failures€and€correctives€given€withÐ Ž  Ðapplication€to€every€member€of€every€congregation.Ð bÞ Ðà Ü àThe€outline€of€this€presentation€is€exactly€that€of€the€original€paper€to€which€the€reader€is€referredÐ ². Ðfor€fuller€information.Ð ~ ÐÌò òòòII.€Congregational€Autonomy:€Theological€Fact,€not€Political€PassóóÐ ¢ Ðà Ü àA.€The€Mandated,€Biblical€Ordering€of€Churchly€Authorityó 󀄀Congregations€are€formed€underÐ ïk  Ðthe€authority€of€Christ€(the€Great€Commission).€Christ€promises€his€presence.€Congregations€are€thereforeÐ ?»" Ðautonomous,€independent€of€other€congregations,€because€of€the€presence€of€Christ,€and€his€Word€andÐ  $ ÐSacraments,€the€Means€of€Grace.€There€is€nothing€else€needed€for€his€kingdom.€This€autonomy€is€basedÐ ß[& Ðon€and€tied€to€the€sufficiency€and€efficacy€of€the€Word,€the€Word€of€Christ,€the€Word€of€Scripture.Ð /«( ÐAccording€to€that€Word€and€Christ,€the€Lutheran€€Church,€uniquely,€identifies€a€three„fold€authority.€TheÐ û* ÐWord€and€Sacraments€are€by€Godððs€authority.€The€call€of€men€into€the€office,€mandated€by€Christ,€is€ofÐ Ï K, Ðthe€congregationððs€authority.€The€public€administration€of€the€Word€and€Sacraments€is€given€to€theÐ "›. Ðauthority€of€the€servant€of€the€Church,€the€Office€of€the€Holy€Ministry€(OHM).€This€is€not€political€freedomÐ o#ë0 Ðfrom€authority€but€freedom€found€only€under€Christ€in€his€Word€(John€8.31„32).Ð ¿$;!2 Ðò òà Ü àB.€The€Congregationððs€Authoritative€Stewardship€of€Christ€and€His€Grace€to€Sinnersó ó„€SinceÐ &‹"4 Ðthe€Office€of€the€Keys€is€the€immediate€possession€of€the€entire€congregation,€pastors€and€€laity€areÐ _'Û#6 Ðresponsible€for€them,€Pastors,€publicly€on€behalf€of€the€Congregation,€and€individual€members€accordingÐ ¯(+%8 Ðto€their€callings.€All€are€responsible€for€use€of€the€Means€of€Grace€for€their€own€salvation€andÐ ÿ){&: Ðsanctification€and€for€others.€Our€relationships€are€Godððs€given€avenues€for€expressing€that€concern€andÐ O+Ë'< Ðusing€the€Law€and€Gospel€to€rebuke€and€forgive€others€as€we€also€have€been€rebuked€by€Godððs€Law€andÐ Ÿ,)> Ðforgiven€our€sins.€In€this€we€must€not€show€favorites€because€of€politics€or€family€relationships.€ThisÐ „ Ðconcern/responsibility€to€be€their€brothersðð€keeper€is€the€nature€of€their€priesthood€as€a€believer.€ð ðLoveððÐ ÔP Ðthat€buries€our€use€of€the€keys,€that€is,€love€that€tolerates€and€excuses€sin€instead€of€dealing€with€itÐ $  Ðthrough€the€keys€of€forgiveness€is€a€false€love€that€exults€itself€above€Godððs€Word,€command,€and€doctrineÐ tð Ðand€must€be€identified€as€spiritually€dangerous.Ð Ä@ Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò1.€Baptizing€and€Teaching:€Conversion€of€Sinnersó óó󀄀Baptizing€and€teaching€are€initiatingÐ    ÐMeans€of€Grace€for€bringing€sinners€into€fellowship€with€God€through€Christððs€grace€and€creating€faith.Ð d à  ÐAll€Christians€are€responsible€for€being€disciples,€learning€Godððs€Word€so€that€they€can€also€judge€theirÐ ´ 0  Ðpastors€as€to€whether€they€are€publicly€carrying€out€the€OHM€according€to€the€rule€of€Godððs€Word,€thatÐ €  Ðis,€Scriptures€and€the€Confessions,€which€are€the€true€expositions€of€the€Word.€They€must€know€theÐ TÐ  Ðtenets€of€faith€and€be€able€to€prove€them€from€Scripture€itself€so€that€their€faith€does€not€rest€upon€humanÐ ¤  Ðauthority,€but€the€Word€of€God.€The€life€of€the€baptized€is,€thus,€one€of€repentance,€and€learning€GodððsÐ ôp ÐWord.€And€being€responsible€that€it€is€carried€out€in€his€congregation.Ð DÀ Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò2.€Rebuking€and€Expelling€Manifest€Sinnersó óó󀄀Church€discipline€is€done€by€the€churchÐ ” Ðas€a€whole€according€to€Godððs€Word.€When€people€sin€obstinately€and€will€not€submit€to€the€authorityÐ ä` Ðof€Godððs€Word€and€turn€from€that€sin,€that€is,€when€they€obstinately€refuse€the€counsel€of€Godððs€Word,Ð 4° Ðthey€are€to€be€regarded€as€unbelievers€and€excommunicated.€This€is€not€retribution,€but€recognition€thatÐ „  ÐChrist€is€the€only€answer€to€sin€and€when€he€is€refused,€there€is€no€other€answer.€It€is€to€tell€the€truth€toÐ ÔP" Ðthe€sinner€so€that€eventually€they€would€acknowledge€that€truth€of€the€law,€learn€to€shun€and€hate€theirÐ $ $ Ðsin,€€and€flee€for€refuge€to€Christ,€as€do€all€true€believers.€In€this,€they€are€treating€others€as€Christ€has€alsoÐ tð& Ðtreated€them€in€his€Law€and€Gospel.€Refusal€to€do€this€can€result€in€destruction€of€the€church.€The€churchÐ Ä@( Ðthat€refuses€to€be€sanctified,€would€also€thereby€refuse€to€be€justified,€as€demonstrated€in€this€treatment.Ð * Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò3.€Communion€as€the€Sanctifying€Sacrament€for€the€Converted/Faithfuló óó󀄀The€uniqueÐ d à, Ðattribute€of€Communion,€as€a€Means€of€Grace,€is€that€it€is€used€only€for€sanctification,€that€is,€only€forÐ ´!0. Ðthose€who€have€active€faith€(In€remembrance€of€me).€Scripture€requires€self€judgement/selfÐ #€0 Ðcondemnation€prior€to€communion,€that€is,€proper€repentance€and€self„regret€over€sin€and€faith€that€thisÐ T$Ð 2 Ðmeans€will€strengthen€the€inner€man,€the€man€of€faith,€against€that€sin,€that€is,€to€strengthen€faith,€turnÐ ¤% "4 Ðfrom€sin,€and€do€what€pleases€God.€As€such,€closed€communion€is€practiced€as€a€churchððs€responsibilityÐ ô&p#6 Ðnot€to€confirm€errorists€in€the€false€doctrine€of€their€church€(public€sin€against€the€SecondÐ D(À$8 ÐCommandment),€but€to€help€them€turn€from€that€sin.€Open€communion€is€an€abuse€of€the€Sacrament,Ð ”)&: Ðwhich€in€the€name€of€ð ðloveðð€affirms€people€in€the€false€doctrines€of€their€church,€rather€than€applyingÐ ä*`'< Ðcorrection€unto€repentance€to€turn€them€from€it.€Thus€communing€anyone€who€is€intentionally€sinningÐ 4,°(> Ðinstead€of€disciplining€them€is€an€abuse€of€the€Sacrament,€administering€it€according€to€the€principles€ofÐ „-*@ Ðhuman€love€rather€than€the€Gospel€and€Godððs€Word.€Instead€of€sanctifying,€it€is€being€used€to€affirm€sin.Ð „ Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò4.€Mission€Work€Outside€the€Congregationó óóóÐ ÔP Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò5.€Passing€the€Church€On€to€the€Next€Generationó óóóÐ ! ÐÌòòò òIII.€With€Congregational€Autonomy,€Why€a€Synod€with€her€Offices?ó óóóÐ ¾: ÐÌà Ü àSynod€is€the€recognition€of€Christ€and€his€keys€among€believers€in€other€places€and€times,€whereÐ [ ×  Ðthe€Word€is€preached€purely€and€Sacraments€administered€according€to€the€Gospel.Ð « '  Ðà Ü àò òA.à0 4 àRecognition€of€the€Household€of€Faith€(Fellowship)ó óÐû w 4T$4T$ Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò1.€Universal€Gospel€in€Every€Congregation€(Roster€of€Congregations)ó óó󀄀Christ€at€GodððsÐ HÄ  Ðright€hand€is€present€with€grace€wherever€the€Word€and€Sacrament€are€preached€purely€and€distributedÐ ˜  Ðaccording€to€his€institution.€As€an€individual€believer€also€joins€a€church€to€have€brothers€to€correct€himÐ èd Ðif€he€would€stray,€so€congregations€also€want€other€congregations€to€watch€their€doctrine€and€practiceÐ 8´ Ðlest€they€come€under€Christððs€condemnation€to€whole€congregations€such€as€in€Rev.€2.5€and€3.1.Ð ˆ Ðà Ü àà 4 àò òòò2.€The€Pentecostal€Gifting€and€Mission€(Roster€of€Pastors)óóó 󀄀Christ€and€the€Holy€SpiritÐ ØT Ðsuddenly€and€immediately€prepared€servants€for€the€church€on€Pentecost€by€the€giving€of€the€Holy€Spirit.Ð (¤ ÐThis€schooling€is€now€done€by€Christ€and€the€Holy€Spirit€through€the€church€through€years€of€teachingÐ xô  Ðand€preparation,€especially€in€the€Biblical€languages€and€the€languages€of€the€peoples.Ð ÈD" ÐÌà Ü àò òB.à0 4 àUniversality€of€Congregations€at€the€Right€Hand€of€Godó óÐhä&4T$4T$ Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò1.€The€Gracious€Redundancy€of€Christ€at€Godððs€Right€Handó óó󀄀The€presence€of€Christ€inÐ µ1( Ðevery€congregation€is€not€just€a€recognition€of€delivery€points€of€Godððs€grace,€but€is€an€actual€fellowship,Ð * Ða€unity€between€every€congregation,€each€gathered€around€Christ,€as€well€as€a€unity€with€the€Saints€ofÐ U Ñ, Ðall€ages,€eternally€gathered€around€Christ€in€heaven.€This€unity€has€always€been€expressed€in€ourÐ ¥!!. Ðfellowship€through€unity€in€thought,€approach,€freedom,€and€the€caution€against€abusing€freedom€byÐ õ"q0 Ðusing€it€to€indulge€what€would€not€please€God.€Thus€this€unity€is€despised€by€all€enemies€of€God€andÐ E$Á 2 Ðmakes€us€united€under€Christððs€authority€and€opposed€to€all€that€opposes€Christððs€authority,€even€our€ownÐ •%"4 Ðfleshly€dissatisfaction€with€the€Gospel,€that€is,€our€own€sinful€nature.Ð å&a#6 Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò2.€Redundancy€of€Worship€Fellowshipó óó󀄀In€worship€we€gather€around€the€Mandates€ofÐ 5(±$8 ÐGodððs€house,€that€is,€the€ð ðall€thingsðð€Christ€Commanded€as€capsulized€in€the€teachings€of€Lutherððs€SmallerÐ …)&: ÐCatechism.€Worship,€as€the€application€of€Godððs€Law€and€Gospel€to€his€people€is€not€a€place€that€courtsÐ Õ*Q'< Ðthe€favor€of€Godððs€enemies,€the€devil,€the€world€and€our€flesh,€but€where€flesh€and€the€world€have€noÐ %,¡(> Ðplace,€but€only€Godððs€children.€It€is€not€for€entertainment,€but€soul€cure,€that€is,€sanctification.Ð u-ñ)@ Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò3.€Redundancy€of€Congregationððs€Fraternal€Careó óó󀄀In€our€mobile€society€our€membersÐ „ Ðshould€find€the€same€care€for€their€sins€in€each€congregation.€Thus€if€a€person€is€excommunicated€forÐ ÔP ÐÔ_ÔunrepentedÔ_Ô,€stubborn€sin,€in€one€parish€he€must€be€regarded€the€same€in€others.€Since€it€is€valid€andÐ $  Ðcertain€in€heaven,€it€must€be€valid€and€certain€throughout€the€church€on€earth.€Visiting€members€of€sisterÐ tð Ðcongregations€must€also€be€able€to€recognize€the€familiar€hospitality€that€welcomes€them€as€sinners€andÐ Ä@ Ðto€see€the€same€keys€being€administered€there€under€Christððs€authority.Ð    Ðà Ü àò òC.€The€Purpose€of€Synodical€Redundanciesó 󀄀By€virtue€of€the€presence€of€Christ€and€his€graceÐ d à  Ðin€each€congregation,€Synod€and€her€offices€are,€in€a€sense,€unnecessary.€All€authority€is€vested€in€theÐ ´ 0  Ðkeys€of€the€congregation€that€open€and€close€heaven.€Thus€Synod€can€have€no€greater€authority€thanÐ €  Ðwhat€is€already€in€each€congregation.€We€have€already€noted,€however,€the€foundation€of€Synod€isÐ TÐ  Ðrecognition€of€Christ€in€other€congregations€and€the€shared€work€of€training€pastors€and€missions.Ð ¤  Ðà Ü àWe€must€note€that€if€we€think€that€Synod€itself€can€preserve€our€congregations€in€any€way,€SynodÐ ôp Ðwould€become€an€idol€that€God€would€not€bless.€We€would€be€ignoring€Christ€in€our€midst€and€replacingÐ DÀ Ðhim€with€Synod.Ð ” Ðà Ü àHowever,€we€have€already€noted€that€congregations€are€wary€for€their€sinful€flesh€in€both€pastorsÐ ä` Ðand€laity.€The€purpose€of€Synod€and€her€offices€is€to€keep€watch€over€congregations,€just€as€ChristiansÐ 4° Ðwith€their€keys,€keep€watch€over€brothers.€As€a€Christian€wants€to€be€corrected,€rebuked,€restored€by€theirÐ „  Ðfellows€Christians,€Congregations€want€this€done€by€their€neighbor€congregations.Ð ÔP" Ðà Ü àSynodical€officers€are,€thus,€a€redundancy.€They€are€to€use€the€Scriptures€and€Confessions€alreadyÐ $ $ Ðpresent€and€pledged€to€in€each€congregation€to€correct€things€in€congregations€as€a€secondary€safe€guard,Ð tð& ÐThus€the€Synodical€officers€have€no€other€authority€to€correct€than€the€Word€of€God,€which€they€areÐ Ä@( Ðcommissioned€to€do€at€the€request€of€the€congregations€themselves.Ð * Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò1.€Positive€Purposes€of€Synodó óóó„Ð d à, Ðà Ü àà 4 àà Œ àòòa.€Multiply€Resources€for€Common€Work,€Mandated€by€ScriptureÐ ´!0. Ðà Ü àà 4 àà Œ àb.€Discuss€Common€Problems€and€Tasks,€Apply€Scriptures€and€ConvinceÐ #}0 Ðà Ü àà 4 àà Œ àc.€Foster€Trust€in€Scriptures€aloneó󀄀Synod€from€her€inception€vested€in€herself€noÐ N$Ê 2 Ðother€authority€than€the€Word€of€God€and€the€opportunity€to€convince€congregations.Ð ž%"4 Ðà Ü àà 4 àòòò ò2.€A€Purpose€Synod€May€Never€Have:€Possession€of€the€Office€of€the€Keysó óóóÐ î&j#6 Ðà Ü àà 4 àà Œ àòòa.€Synod€Applies€Standards€of€Doctrine€and€Life€to€Rostersó󀄀Synod€and€her€officers,Ð ;(·$8 Ðas€a€churchly€organization,€that€is,€as€a€structure€for€the€spiritual€welfare€of€her€congregations,€isÐ ‹)&: Ðdesignated€to€visit€the€member€congregations€and€their€pastors,€and,€using€the€same€(Catechism/Biblical)Ð Û*W'< Ðstandards€as€would€an€educated€laymen,€according€to€the€judgement€he€has€as€one€of€the€priesthoodÐ +,§(> Ðof€all€believers,€certify€that€the€Gospel€is€being€purely€preached€and€the€Sacraments€administeredÐ {-÷)@ Ðaccording€to€their€institution.€When€pastors€and/or€congregations€stray€from€this,€they€are€to€be€markedÐ „ Ðand€avoided,€that€is,€Ô_ÔderosteredÔ_Ô.€Such€action€is€not€a€judgement€that€they€are€not€church,€but€that€theyÐ ÔP Ðare€heterodox.€They€are€not€heeding€all€the€counsel€of€Scripture€and€the€mandates€of€Christ€and,€thus,Ð $  Ðare€to€be€marked€as€an€infected€church€whose€disrespect€for€the€Lordððs€Word€and€doctrine€is€dangerousÐ tð Ðand€would€ultimately€be€their€undoing.€As€a€true€believer€tolerates€no€sin€in€himself,€but€repents€andÐ Ä@ Ðstruggles€against€and€turns€from€every€sin€to€grace,€so€a€congregation€would€do€the€same,€so€a€SynodÐ    Ðwould€do€the€same.€Synodical€Presidents€are,€thus,€not€pastors€of€the€pastors.€The€location€of€the€officeÐ d à  Ðof€the€keys€is€in€the€congregation€for€the€pastors€as€well€as€the€people.Ð ´ 0  Ðà Ü àà 4 àà Œ àòòb.€Roster€Management€Never€Equated€with€the€Call€nor€the€Keysó󀄀The€Keys€areÐ €  Ðgiven€to€the€local€congregation,€not€to€the€Synod€and€her€officers,€nor€to€the€pastors.€Thus€roster€statusÐ TÐ  Ðis€not€equated€with€orthodoxy,€but€is€at€best,€a€recognition€of€orthodoxy.€A€congregation€does€not€becomeÐ ¤  Ðorthodox€by€being€a€member€of€Synod,€but€by€carrying€out€the€mandates€of€Christ€and€his€Word€in€theirÐ ôp Ðmidst.€So€also,€the€congregationððs€call€is€not€the€same€as€a€manððs€being€Ô_ÔrosteredÔ_Ô.€A€pastorððs€call€is€notÐ DÀ Ðmade€by€Synod€or€through€Synod,€but€by€the€Congregation€as€the€LORDððs€representative.€TheÐ ” Ðcongregation€retains€the€final€word€of€judgement€as€to€their€pastorððs€carrying€out€the€ministry€amongÐ ä` Ðthem.€Ô_ÔDerosteringÔ_Ô€is€a€flag€the€congregation€must€respond€to€and€act€upon€when€that€is€done€forÐ 4° ÐScriptural€reasons.€So€also,€congregations€are€to€be€served€Word€and€Sacrament€only€through€thoseÐ „  Ðregularly€called.€Those€who€seek€the€office€and€its€duties€apart€from€the€call€do€not€enter€through€the€gateÐ ÔP" Ð(Christððs€call)€and€are€thieves.Ð $ $ ÐÌà Ü àòòò òD.à0 4 àThe€Genius€of€Ô_ÔLCMSÔ_Ô€Polityó óóóÐÄ@(4T$4T$ Ðà Ü àà 4 àòò1.€How€Roster€Decisions€Must€Relate€to€the€Office€of€the€Keysó󀄀The€genius€of€Ô_ÔLCMSÔ_Ô€churchÐ * Ðgovernance€is€that€it€truly€respects€the€investment€of€the€Office€of€the€Keys€and€all€church€authority€withÐ a Ý, Ðthe€Word€of€God,€the€Bible,€in€the€congregations.€When€roster€problems€are€evident,€the€Synod€does€notÐ ±!-. Ðfix€them,€but€acknowledges€them,€and€sends€them€to€the€proper€seat€of€authority,€the€congregation,€theÐ #}0 Ðholder€of€the€keys.€If€the€holders€of€the€keys,€the€congregation,€will€not€act€according€to€Godððs€Word,€butÐ Q$Í 2 Ðburies€the€keys,€then€Synod€releases€them.€Why€is€that€good?€Because€if€the€Word,€which€they€alreadyÐ ¡%"4 Ðhave,€wonððt€be€heeded€by€them,€there€is€no€solution€that€will€help.€And€thatððs€right€and€itððs€the€way€itÐ ñ&m#6 Ðshould€be.€Their€flesh€is€in€control€and€it€must€be€recognized€and€avoided€by€true€Christians.€And€whenÐ A(½$8 Ðthat€is€the€case,€Synod€and€her€congregations€will€not€be€in€conflict.€All€will€be€of€one€will€under€GodððsÐ ‘) &: ÐWord.Ð á*]'< ÐÌÐ -ý)@ Ðà Ü àà 4 àòò2.€How€Present€Implementation€is€Failing€the€Scriptural€Testó󀄀Our€problem€in€Synod€is€theÐ „ Ðsame€as€in€the€modern€Christian.€Sinful€flesh€against€the€Gospel€is€tolerated€and€not€identified,€repentedÐ ÔP Ðof,€forgiven€unto€sanctification.€In€the€name€of€ð ðloveðð€Godððs€commands€to€confront€and€restore€are€beingÐ $  Ðsubverted€because€we€donððt€want€others€to€do€this€to€us.€We,€therefore,€are€insisting€that€God€love€usÐ tð Ðenough€to€tolerate€our€sins€and€let€us€keep€them,€which€is€a€rejection€of€both€Godððs€law€and€his€Gospel,Ð Ä@ Ðwhere€our€sins€are€either€painfully€condemned€or€being€condemned€in€our€Savior€for€our€deliverance.Ð    ÐYet,€if€we€will€not€be€damned€for€our€sins€with€Christ,€we€also€cannot€be€raised€with€him.Ð d à  Ðà Ü àIn€our€families€how€many€children€who€are€breaking€their€confirmation€vows€and€have€used€themÐ ´ 0  Ðas€a€graduation€from€grace€rather€than€a€continuance€in€grace,€are€being€confronted€for€their€lying€to€GodÐ €  Ðin€their€oaths.€How€many€young€people€living€in€sexual€sin€are€regularly€Ô_ÔcommunionedÔ_Ô€at€our€altars?€HasÐ TÐ  Ðevery€member€been€properly€instructed€to€examine€themselves€and€judge€themselves€for€their€sins€soÐ ¤  Ðthat€they€come€hungry€and€thirsty€for€grace?€Are€we€properly€using€the€Lordððs€Supper?€Are€we€properlyÐ ôp Ðusing€the€keys€which€are€given€to€us€all?Ð DÀ Ðà Ü àAs€responsibility€is€given€for€the€keys€to€every€member€do€we€realize€that€God€will€hold€usÐ ” Ðresponsible,€each€of€us,€for€it€(Mt.€25.14f)?€Are€we€burying€or€using€the€keys?Ð ä` Ðà Ü àSynod€is€not€the€high€court.€The€congregation€is€the€seat€of€all€authority,€at€the€right€hand€of€God.Ð 4° ÐIt€is€the€congregation,€not€Synod,€of€which€Ô_ÔWaltherÔ_Ô€properly€says€it€is€ð ðthe€highest€court€in€her€territoryÐ „  Ðand€whoever€joins€her€becomes€a€part€of€it.€A€Christian€congregation€has€the€administration€of€the€KeysÐ ÔP" Ðto€the€heavenly€kingdom€on€earth,€and€one€who€joins€her€become€a€co„administrator€of€the€same.ððÐ $ $ ÐInstead€of€a€ððdonððt€ask€donððt€tellðð€attitude€towards€faith,€faith€must€be€tested.€Those€who€believe€willÐ tð& Ðappreciate€being€rebuked€if€they€sin€unto€forgiveness,€those€who€donððt€believe€wonððt€stand€for€it.€But€thenÐ Ä@( Ðthey€must€not€be€regarded€as€believers.€They€must€be€excluded€for€not€listening€to€Godððs€Word.Ð * Ðà Ü àà 4 àòò3.€Why€Implementation€is€Failing:€Icebergs€and€their€Tipsóó„€Synod€cannot€be€expected€toÐ d à, Ðbe€more€than€a€safeguard.€If€congregations€will€not€administer€the€keys,€Synod€cannot€be€blamed€for€notÐ ´!0. Ðflagging€doctrinal€problems,€but€being€a€part€of€those€problems€and€even€encouraging€them.€Any€visibleÐ #€0 Ðproblems€in€our€church€administration€must€be€seen€as€symptoms€of€the€greater€problem€and€not€theÐ T$Ð 2 Ðproblem€itself.€They€are€tips€of€the€iceberg,€not€the€iceberg€itself.Ð ¤% "4 ÐÌòòò òIV.€Conclusion:€The€Battle€for€the€Bible€Lives€in€Our€Midst;€Jude€9,€10ó óóóÐ D(À$8 ÐÌà Ü àòòò òA.€The€Danger€of€Promoting€the€Material€Principle€over€the€Formal€Principleó óó󀄀In€the€1970's,Ð á*]'< Ðour€church€body€battled€a€heresy€called€ð ðthe€historical€criticalðð€approach€to€the€Bible,€which€basically€saidÐ 1,­(> Ðthat€not€all€the€Bible€is€Godððs€Word€but€that€the€Bible€contains€the€Word€of€God.€In€dealing€with€theÐ -ý)@ Ðheresy,€the€high€court€of€Synod€ruled€a€seminary€faculty€majority€as€heretical,€but€the€real€high€courts,€theÐ „ Ðcongregations€were€shut€down.€Synod€and€Ô_ÔderosteringÔ_Ô€had€taken€the€place€of€excommunication,€whichÐ ÔP Ðnever€happened.Ð $  Ðà Ü àAlthough€we€rejected€the€historical€critical€method,€the€same€presupposition,€that€the€Bible€is€notÐ tð Ðthe€Word€of€God,€but€contains€the€Word€of€God,€may€still€have€intruded€itself€into€our€church€body€in€aÐ Ä@ Ðsubtler€form.€What€would€that€be?€It€would€be€saying€that€in€the€Bible€(the€formal€principle,€that€is,€theÐ    Ðthing€that€INFORMS€us),€only€the€Gospel€(JESUS€„€the€material€principle)€is€now€authoritative,€that€is€GodððsÐ d à  Ðlaw€is€not€authoritative,€but€only€the€Gospel.€This€is€a€subtler€form€of€the€same€error€as€the€historicalÐ ´ 0  Ðcritical€method€and,€thus,€more€dangerous.€This€is€the€cause€of€what€is€called€ððanti„Ô_ÔnomianismÔ_Ôðð€orÐ €  ÐððGospel„reductionism.ðð€The€Bible€thus€is€then,€perhaps,€the€norm€of€faith€but€not€life,€since€Godððs€law€isÐ TÐ  Ðnullified€and€God€is€no€longer€displeased€with€anything€that€we€do.Ð ¤  Ðà Ü àThe€Bible€and€our€Catechism€both€teach€the€authority€of€the€Law€AND€the€Gospel.€The€Gospel€isÐ ôp Ðtruly€our€deliverance€BECAUSE€the€law€is€true.€Because€God€curses€sins,€and€without€the€GospelÐ DÀ Ðembraced€by€faith,€it€WILL€curse€us€forever,€the€Gospel€is€the€sweet€deliverance€from€our€sins€that€it€is.Ð ” ÐAnd€because€the€Law€is€still€authoritative,€we€know,€after€we€come€to€faith,€what€pleases€God,€and€whatÐ ä` Ðdoesnððt.€Thus,€because€both€the€Law€and€the€Gospel€are€authoritative,€we€will€not€place€Christ€above€theÐ 4° ÐBible,€but€faith€in€Christ€will€find€the€goodness€of€God€in€BOTH€the€law€and€the€Gospel,€Godððs€rebuke€forÐ „  Ðmy€sin€and€my€justification.€The€Bible€will€be€the€norm€or€òòò òboth€faith€and€lifeó óóó,€of€justification€òòò òandÐ ÔP" Ðsanctificationó óóó.€In€theology€the€formal€material€must€always€come€before€the€material,€as€exemplified€inÐ $ $ Ðexhaustively€the€writings€of€Ô_ÔWaltherÔ_Ô.€Without€the€formal€there€is€no€material.Ð tð& Ðà Ü àòòB.€Removing€Logs€and€Dealing€with€Splintersó󀄀We€cannot€exercise€the€office€of€the€keys€given€us,Ð Ä@( Ðwithout€our€having€received€Godððs€grace.€We€cannot€spiritually€help€others€with€their€sins€unless€eachÐ * Ðof€us€also€wants€to€be€rebuked€by€God€for€our€sins,€and€saved€by€God€through€the€grace€of€Jesus€Christ.Ð d à, ÐAs€such,€we€as€believers€will€also€not€accept€in€ourselves€what€does€not€conform€to€Godððs€Word,€butÐ ´!0. Ðmust€shun,€hate€and€reject€such€things€in€ourselves,€and€be€filled€in€that€emptiness€with€Christ€and€hisÐ #€0 Ðgrace.€It€is€this€life€and€death€dependence€of€every€true€believing€sinner€on€Christ€that€keeps€us€steadfastÐ T$Ð 2 Ðin€our€church€membership€around€Christ€and€his€grace.€As€we€reject€that€in€ourselves,€me€must€rejectÐ ¤% "4 Ðit€in€our€body,€the€church,€restoring€what€can€be€restored€and€consigning€what€will€not€accept€GodððsÐ ô&p#6 ÐWord€to€the€only€fate€left,€Godððs€law€and€judgment.Ð D(À$8 Ðà Ü àOur€church€is€filled€with€people€unwilling€to€learn€or€apply€Godððs€Word€and€the€keys.€The€churchÐ ”)&: Ðis€sick€from€its€head€to€its€feet.€Each€member€must€take€responsibility€for€his€own€burying€the€keys,€repentÐ ä*`'< Ðof€it€as€sin,€and€receive€Christððs€forgiveness.€As€we€truly€repent€under€the€burden€of€this€judgement,€butÐ 4,°(> Ðwe€must€also€believe€that,€as€Christ€promised,€he€will€forgive€and€restore.Ð „-*@ Їà Ü àFor€those€who€will€not€repent,€the€ever€worsening€condition€of€the€church€will€be€a€downwardÐ „ Ðspiral€to€eternal€perdition.€To€those€who€will€repent€of€their€own€sin€and€abuse€of€Godððs€precious€gifts,Ð ÔP Ðwe€will€be€blessed€to€see€idols€continue€to€fall€and€God€will€use€this€disaster€to€draw€us€more€closely€toÐ $  Ðthe€refuge€of€his€grace.€And€what€he€forgives€he€can€use€as€he€wishes.Ð tð ÐÌà Ü àòòò òC.€Your€Priesthood,€Use€It€or€Loose€It€„€Is€Communion€being€Used€in€your€Church€forÐ    ÐSanctification,€or€is€it€being€Abused?ó óóóÐ a Ý  Ðà Ü àThis€question€must€be€addressed€to€each€individual€in€our€congregations.€Does€each€personÐ ® *  Ðcommuning€understand€the€depth€of€his€sin€problem,€which€still€remains€in€his€flesh,€and€the€on„goingÐ þ z  Ðneed€for€Godððs€appointed€means€of€sanctification,€that€is,€learning€Godððs€Word,€confessing€his€sin€for€theÐ NÊ  Ðsake€of€the€Absolution,€and€receiving€the€Lordððs€Supper?€Does€each€member€DESIRE€sanctification,€thatÐ ž  Ðis,€not€the€maintenance€of€his€sins,€but€removal€and€victory€over€his€sin€by€Christððs€grace?€Does€heÐ îj Ðunderstand€that€if€he€fails€to€treasure€and€retain,€but€despises€or€abuses€the€means€appointed€by€ChristÐ >º Ðfor€his€sanctification€he€will€lose€his€salvation?Ð Ž  Ðà Ü àIf€that€is€the€case€for€you,€reader,€then€you€MUST€desire€the€same€for€your€brothers€and€sisters€inÐ ÞZ Ðyour€church€and€for€your€family€and€neighbors.€That€concern€for€others€is€the€nature€of€your€priesthoodÐ .ª Ðand€service€to€them.Ð ~ú  Ðà Ü àThen,€you€must€investigate€your€church€to€see€if€your€goals€(Christððs€goals)€are€the€same€as€yourÐ ÎJ" Ðchurchððs€goal€and€practice.€With€your€understanding€of€the€Sacrament€as€the€means€of€sanctification€forÐ š$ Ðsins€which€are€acknowledged€and€shunned€by€the€sinner,€does€your€church€commune€people€whoÐ nê& Ðopenly€break€the€Ten€Commandments€and€intend€to€continue€to€do€so?€Does€your€church€recognize€falseÐ ¾:( Ðdoctrine€in€other€fellowships€as€sins€against€the€Second€Commandment€that€are€publicly€embraced€byÐ Š* Ðits€members€and€that€your€churchððs€responsibility€is€to€help€them€out€of€their€error€and€sin€by€first€pointingÐ ^ Ú, Ðout€the€sin€of€their€confession€and€then€helping€them€repent€and€shun€that€false€doctrine€(washing€theirÐ ®!*. Ðfeet),€as€marked€by€their€having€been€instructed€in€the€Catechism€and€publicly€confessed€the€same,Ð þ"z0 Ðbefore€communing€them?€Or€are€tenets€of€human€love,€that€buries€the€Keys€under€an€appearance€of€love,Ð N$Ê 2 Ðbeing€used€as€an€excuse€to€maintain€sin€through€communion€rather€than€removing€it?€In€other€Words,Ð ž%"4 Ðdoes€your€congregation€practice€open€communion?€If€so€she€is€abusing€Christððs€property€and€€you€are€alsoÐ î&j#6 Ðaccountable€for€that€as€a€share€holder€in€the€Office€of€the€Keys!Ð >(º$8 Ðà Ü àIf€this€issue€is€not€one€that€is€open€for€discussion€in€your€church,€leave€immediately€and€say€why.Ð Ž) &: ÐThose€who€will€not€discuss€a€doctrinal€issue€are€not€acting€under€Scriptureððs€authority.€They€must€shyÐ Þ*Z'< Ðaway€from€debate€because€they€have€no€Word€of€God€to€stand€on.€The€truth€(Christððs€Word)€begs€to€beÐ .,ª(> Ðexamined,€the€lie€always€wants€to€hide.Ð ~-ú)@ Ðà Ü àIf€the€spiritual€leadership€will€discuss€it,€use€the€Catechism€to€help€you€explain€your€concern.Ð „ ÐExpress€your€concern€over€open€communion€to€the€district€office€with€the€charge€that€the€Sacrament€isÐ ÔP Ðbeing€abused.€Charge€the€pastors€and€elders€and€the€congregation€with€misusing€the€Keys€Christ€gaveÐ $  Ðto€YOU.€If€they€will€not€repent€and€return€to€Christððs€authority,€that€is,€his€direction€to€mark€and€avoid€falseÐ tð Ðdoctrine€(Romans€16),€then€you€must€find€a€true€church.€Do€not€stay€and€fight€if€they€will€not€listen€to€theÐ Ä@ ÐWord.€They€are€rejecting€the€only€means€both€you€and€they€have€for€fixing€the€problem.€Use€theÐ    Ðjudgement€that€you€are€given€as€part€of€the€Priesthood,€or€you€will€lose€it.€Flee,€lest€you€partake€of€her€sinsÐ d à  Ðand€perish!€Find€a€congregation€that€does€not€have€a€name€that€it€is€alive€but€is€dead,€that€is,€a€church€thatÐ ´ 0  Ðwants€to€follow€Christððs€Word€no€matter€how€uncomfortable€or€what€the€cost.€Or€find€others€in€yourÐ €  Ðchurch€with€this€godly€recognition€and€form€a€congregation€that€is€in€sure€and€pure€fellowship€with€Christ.Ð TÐ  Ðà Ü àThis€one€issue€is€enough€to€expose€where€there€may€be€true€fellowship€in€our€congregations€andÐ ¤  Ðwhere€Godððs€Word€is€being€rejected.€As€laymen€must€judge€their€own€congregations€and€pastors€and€theÐ ôp Ðones€they€encounter€in€this€way,€so€pastors€must€engage€this€same€question€in€their€pastoral€associations.Ð DÀ ÐInstead€of€donððt€ask€and€donððt€tell,€they€need€to€find€out€which€pastors€believe€and€teach€thatÐ ” Ðpreaching/teaching€€as€well€as€€Holy€Communion€are€Christððs€only€means€of€sanctification,€not€modernÐ ä` Ðrevivalistic€movements€or€any€other€ððnew€measuresðð€and€that€they€will€not€let€sentimental€reasons€orÐ 4° Ðpolitics€be€used€to€commune€those€who€are€no€longer€in€the€faith,€but€that€communion€will€be€properlyÐ „  Ðgiven€those€who€truly€feel€and€confess€their€sins,€want€to€depart€from€them,€and€depend€on€Christ€andÐ ÔP" Ðhis€grace.Ð $ $ Ðà Ü àIf€area€congregations€are€found€that€abuse€Holy€Communion€and€do€not€use€it€as€a€means€ofÐ tð& Ðsanctification,€but€to€affirm€sin,€then€they€also€need€to€be€reported€to€the€district€office€with€theÐ Ä@( Ðexpectation€that€they€will€be€Ô_ÔderosteredÔ_Ô€and€if€not,€with€a€demand€to€explain€by€what€authority€they€areÐ * Ðbeing€kept€on€the€roster€when€they€violate€Godððs€Word€publicly.€And€if€they€are€Ô_ÔderosteredÔ_Ô,€they€are€notÐ d à, Ðto€be€forgiven€by€Synod€if€they€repent.€They€have€the€Office€of€the€Keys.€The€pastor€must€repent€to€hisÐ ´!0. Ðcongregation€how€he€has€misled€them.€They€must€repent€to€him€for€letting€him€mislead€them.€And€allÐ #€0 Ðthat€based€on€the€Word€of€Christ,€which€they€hold€immediately€and€must€use€or€lose.€The€congregationÐ T$Ð 2 Ðmust€absolve€the€pastor€if€he€repents€and€then€decide€if€he€can€continue€his€call€among€them.€And€heÐ ¤% "4 Ðas€their€pastor€must€forgive€them.€Based€upon€this€sanctification€by€Godððs€Word,€the€results€can€then€beÐ ô&p#6 Ðevaluated€by€Synod€and€their€roster€status€appraised€again€with€joy€and€integrity.Ð D(À$8 Ðà Ü àThough€this€process€is€dangerous€and€horrible,€it€is€the€good€fight€of€faith,€and€it€is€the€means€byÐ ”)&: Ðwhich€we€will€recognize€where€the€fellowship€in€our€church€is€present€and€where€it€is€not.€If€that€meansÐ ä*`'< Ðyou€end€up€in€a€much€smaller€fellowship€than€you€now€recognize,€thatððs€OK!€It€will€be€an€honest€numberÐ 4,°(> Ðwhatever€it€is.€There€will€be€peace€in€the€fellowship€that€comes€with€sins€forgiven€and€the€confidenceÐ „-*@ Ðthat€we€are€not€ignoring€the€voice€of€the€Good€Shepherd,€but€heeding€and€following/applying€the€same.Ð „ ÐBut€there€are€no€double€standards.€There€is€only€one€who€is€over€and€above€us€all€and€is€also€in€our€midstÐ ÔP Ðif€we€would€truly€meet€in€his€Name€and€not€our€own.€The€voice€of€Christ,€the€LORD,€in€its€sole€source,Ð $  Ðthe€Bible,€is,€for€us€as€individuals,€for€us€as€congregations,€for€us€as€Synod€the€only€authority€that€savesÐ tð Ðand€will€someday€judge€us.€Who€is€listening?€You€first€must€answer€for€yourself.€God€grant€you€grace,€faithÐ Ä@ Ðand€faithfulness!Ð    ÐÌà Ü àòòFor€who€bears€not€the€battleððs€strain,€the€crown€of€life€shall€not€obtain.óóÐ ´ 0  ÐÌÓ  ÓTo€God€Alone€Be€GloryÐ QÍ  ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌPlease€download€the€full€version€of€this€paper€from€the€following€URLððs:Ð ‘) &: ÐAs€a€WordPerfect€file:€Ô4‚ €IüÔÝ‚ÍOÝÔÿÔòòÝ  ÝÔ5  Ôhttp://www.markvpublications.com/Keys_LCMS.wpdÔ6f“ÔÝ‚ÍOz“ity€ÝóóÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ7th ¨“ÔÐ á*]'< ÐAs€a€PDF€file:€:€Ô4‚thû ÔÝ‚ÍOÝÔÿÔòòÝ  ÝÔ5  Ôhttp://www.markvpublications.com/Keys_LCMS.pdfÔ6_”ÔÝ‚ÍOs”ity€ÝóóÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ7th«¡”ÔÐ 1,­(> ÐAs€a€PDF€file,€Paper€Saving€version:€:€Ô4‚thÜÔÝ‚ÍOÝÔÿÔòòÝ  ÝÔ5  Ôhttp://www.markvpublications.com/Keys_LCMS_rs.wpdÔ6n•ÔÝ‚ÍO‚•ity€ÝóóÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ7thÜ"°•Ô